一诺倾情

Scientists Discover Matter Jet From Black Hole 50 Times Bigger Than Its Galaxy_我的网站

私人订制

A | 8月24日消息，国外媒体报道称，在挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛海岸，一名男子擅自鸣响船上雾笛，巨大声响吵醒了一只正在睡觉的北极熊，他被处以5万挪威克朗（约合5300美元）的罚款。 One of the largest black hole jets in the sky has been uncovered by astronomers at Western Sydney University, new research published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society has revealed.,According to the paper, in terms of distance from Earth, the galaxy NGC2663 is close by at just 93 million light-years.,With nearly ten times as many stars as our own Milky Way, it has the recognizable oval shape of a "typical" elliptical galaxy when viewed through a standard telescope. Led by astronomer Velibor Velovic of Western Sydney University, the research team used CSIRO's Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), a system of 36 connected radio dishes acting as a single super-telescope in Western Australia, to make their findings.,A core black hole's jet of material is visible in the radio waves as it leaves the galaxy. If our eyes could see it in the night sky, it would be larger than Earth's moon. This powerful torrent of material is approximately 50 times larger than the galaxy, stretched over almost 1 million light-years, according to the research.,The process studied by the scientists is rather similar to an effect seen in jet engines. The surrounding pressure pushes the exhaust plume from the sides as it rockets through the vacuum. As a result, the jet pulsates while expanding and contracting. Regular bright spots in the jet, called "shock diamonds" due to their shape, were observed by the team.,The flow glows brighter as it constricts.,Shock diamonds have been observed in smaller, galaxy-sized jets as well as in jet engines. Jets have been observed slamming into dense gas clouds, illuminating them as they pass through. However, a more subtle effect that makes it more difficult to see is the restriction of jets from the sides.,The paper underscored that astronomers have not observed this effect on such massive scales before NGC2663. This reportedly demonstrates that NGC2663 is surrounded by enough matter to push against the sides of the jet. The substance is then heated and pressurized by the jet.,A feedback loop is created when intergalactic matter enters a galaxy, which then creates a black hole that releases a jet. In turn, the jet decreases the inflow of intergalactic matter into galaxies. As the universe expands, these jets have an impact on how gas condenses into galaxies.,The Evolutionary Map of the Universe survey, which is also credited with discovering a new category of enigmatic astronomical object known as a "Odd Radio Circle," is still scanning the space.,‘Best Physical Models Can’t Fit The Data’: Radio Bursts Detected in Space ‘Defy’ Existing Theories7 August, 14:45 GMT。事件发生在斯瓦尔巴群岛北部一处峡湾，这艘观光船只航行过程中，船员与游客发现一头北极熊正在海岸陆地上酣睡，为博取看点，涉事人员擅自触发船上雾笛。

B | 而雾笛本身是航海设备，仅用于海上大雾等紧急航行警示，发出的低频巨响穿透力极强。 突如其来的巨大声响直接将熟睡的北极熊惊醒，受到惊吓的北极熊立刻起身，慌忙离开原地向远处迁徙躲避。 船上其他游客目睹全过程，有人将该行为举报给群岛总督办公室，经当地主管部门调查，认定该鸣笛行为属于故意对受保护野生动物实施不必要惊扰，涉事人员没有提出异议，接受全部处罚并缴纳罚款。

C | 据了解，北极熊属于国际公约保护物种，斯瓦尔巴及巴伦支海区域现存北极熊大约3000头，受气候变暖海冰消退影响，种群生存压力持续加大。

D | 斯瓦尔巴群岛拥有全球最严格的北极熊保护法规，法律明确禁止无故打扰、引诱、追逐北极熊，即便没有造成动物受伤，人为制造噪音惊吓也属于违法行为。法规还划定安全距离：每年7月至次年2月，人类与北极熊至少保持300米距离；3-6月交配繁殖季，安全距离提升至500米，不允许擅自靠近动物。

E | 动物保护专家表示，在北极严酷的生存环境之下，夏季海冰消融，很多北极熊很难捕猎，长期处于节食状态，每一次活动都要消耗身体储存的宝贵脂肪储备。无端惊扰会迫使北极熊消耗大量能量逃跑，如果是怀孕母熊或者带着幼崽的个体，能量损耗甚至会威胁幼崽存活，同时，被惊扰的北极熊情绪躁动，也会大幅提升人熊冲突的风险，对船上人员自身同样构成安全隐患。

【本文结束】如需转载请务必注明出处：责任编辑：落木文章内容举报

。