A | 长期以来，人们都知道，以超加工食品（UPF）为主的饮食更有可能导致肥胖。但最近的研究表明，高UPF消费也会增加心血管疾病、痴呆症的风险，而且根据最近一项涉及50,000名卫生专业人员的美国研究，还会增加患结肠癌的风险。《自然评论-临床肿瘤学》的一项研究发现，1990年以后出生的人比1970年以前出生的人更有可能在50岁之前患癌症。人们怀疑UPF可能是导致这种发展的一个因素。据估计，英国50%以上的卡路里摄入量来自UPF，这不是一个短暂的健康恐慌，而是一个涉及到我们烹饪生活方式核心的问题。NOVA是一个广泛使用的食品分类系统，它根据食物的加工程度将其分为四类。除了新鲜水果和生蔬菜之外，几乎所有的食物都要经过某种程度的加工。 Canberra, Oct 11 (UNI) Two Australian men have been charged with bribing Sri Lankan officials to secure infrastructure contracts worth millions of dollars.
Australian police arrested the pair last month after a decade-long investigation spanning several countries, BBC reported.
The men, aged 67 and 71, worked for a company which has been accused of misconduct in South Asian countries, it said.
They are yet to respond to the charges and will face court.
The Australian Federal Police (AFP) say the men arranged bribes of more than A$304,000 ($190,000) to government officials between 2009 and 2016.
The bribes were allegedly made in the pursuit of two Sri Lankan projects -- which police did not name -- worth A$14m.
The charges follow an investigation into SMEC International Pty Ltd, an Australian-based engineering firm, which involved authorities from the US, Canada, India and elsewhere, the BBC reported.
More arrests and charges are possible, the AFP said.
"Corruption undermines fair competition and can have disastrous consequences for developing economies, global anti-poverty and development efforts," Detective Supt Helen Schneider said.
Originally known as the Snowy Mountains Engineering Corp, SMEC was formed in 1949 to build an iconic Australian infrastructure project. It has since grown to employ 5,400 staff in many countries.
In 2017, the World Bank temporarily barred SMEC and four subsidiaries in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka from bidding for any of its contracts, the report said.
The World Bank said it had discovered evidence linking the company to suspected "inappropriate payments" in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
At the time, a spokesperson for SMEC said the allegations did not relate to any Australian projects, and that the company would continue to strengthen its corporate integrity compliance programmes.
Protests erupted in Sri Lanka this year over corruption allegations and the country's worst economic crisis in history, it said.
UNI MR。烹饪是一个过程，它通常涉及添加的成分，如油和盐。
在NOVA的第一类中，第1组是未加工或加工程度最低的食品（水果、蔬菜、肉、蛋、牛奶）。第2组是由加工过的烹饪原料组成，如糖、油和黄油。第3组是加工食品（罐装蔬菜和鱼，面包，果酱）。第4组是超高加工食品，这些食品大多蛋白质和纤维含量低，而盐、糖和脂肪含量高，并经过了工业干预，如挤压、模压和研磨。现代食物的超加工性质通常意味着植物和动物细胞的复杂结构被破坏，变成一种营养空洞的泥浆，我们的身体可以异常迅速地处理。
B | 有非常明确的观察数据显示，超加工食品摄入量较高的人健康状况较差，无论是癌症、心血管疾病、高血压、肥胖还是2型糖尿病。虽然UPF的问题在科学上已被证实，但就个人而言，它并不容易处理。毕竟，UPF是如此普遍，以至于将它们从我们的饮食中完全剥离将是一个后勤和耗时的噩梦。
C | 更重要的是，人们喜欢它们的便利性，并经常津津乐道于其工业化的味道。不久前，对UPF的主要批评是它缺乏营养物质，为了应对这种缺失，添加了所谓的健康营养物质。
D | 现在，食品科学正在更仔细地研究天然食品结构和超加工食品被人体分解的不同方式。
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Published on:16:43:57